Achieving Service Excellence(Strategies for healthcare) by Myron D Essay

Accomplishing Service Excellence(Strategies for social insurance) by Myron D Fottler, Robert C Ford, Cherrill P Heaton - Essay Example The endeavors that we put towards improvement of our representatives are reflected in the earnest endeavors of our staff towards our clients. Wellbeing division is essentially an assistance situated area and subsequently it is basic for the individuals in this industry to have an adaptable mentality which is very much prepared for magnanimous overhauling. At Core Medicos we follow an interior strengthening strategy under which exceptional measures are taken for upliftment of our representatives in all respects. Our staff is our quality and our prosperity is a lot of reliant on the manner in which they execute their obligations. We comprehend that it is through them that we can accomplish what we need to accomplish and consequently we give solid consideration to their advancement. Through our staff situated arrangements we can accomplish consumer loyalty by means of the fulfillment of our workers. Administrations in wellbeing segment require massive concentration and mastery as it is actually an immeasurably significant issue. As a dependable organization Core Medicos we give solid consideration while enlisting representatives and during their preparation. Our equipped HR office follows an extensive enrollment strategy. All the applicants are first short recorded based on their scholastic and clinical capability. Aside from a testing composed assessment, a thorough useful test is additionally held to test their operational expertise. Competitors who qualify our assessments as well as fit inside our expert qualities are then selected. Aside from fitting pay, we likewise urge intrigued possibility to seek after further clinical seminars on company’s financing. Their development as an individual structures the premise of our development as an association, and subsequently we don't stop for a second to put resources into their turn of events, be it money related, social or academicals. We focus on complete development, we plan to consider our to be as glad people and their families as cheerful families and

Issues and Ideas of Polygamy by Aisha B. Lemu free essay sample

Issues and thoughts of Polygamy by Aisha B. Lemu In the article of Defense of Polygamy by the english, women's activist, dissident and essayist Aisha B. Lemu, clarifies why polygamy could be an incredible answer for some ladies without accomplices or for some ladies with accomplices yet with challenges in their relations. She clarify why due to the huge quantities of men biting the dust in war, and others vicious showdown gatherings, an enormous gathering of widows, life partners, and ladies when all is said in done, have taken off alone with no insurance for themselves or their youngsters. The amounts all in all of men in nowadays are low and have left a huge gathering of ladies alone with no or troublesome opportunities to get hitched or have an accomplice. ?In this manner, she expresses that a large portion of ladies rather put stock in sharing a man that not having any whatsoever. What's more, significantly more if the political laws of the nation build up a commitment toward the second, third or fourth spouse and their separate kids, making a mindful method of supporting the privileges of the lady. We will compose a custom article test on Issues and Ideas of Polygamy by Aisha B. Lemu or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page For me this first show makes a sensible explanation, however not the response for a genuinely right arrangement. I dont think polygamy is the genuine remarkable answer for the consistency of our time. I think the genuine issue here is the brutality and misconception that we had made with one another and that has lead us to superfluous wars and unwanted misbalance of the majority of the sexual orientation. Not tackling the main problem yet rather settling ourselves to the issue, substance to leave an inappropriate things we have done as they are and fitting in with live with it. It’s like the issue of deforestation; we realize that the issue is there yet we dont resolve it, we want to put on breathing apparatuses later on than to tackle the main problem now. So then I accept that her explanation of polygamy due to the war issue is definitely not a genuine arrangement yet a flashing agreement to endurance, not assaulting or offering a genuine response (which is to me the expansion of brutality of ordinary that has made us left with a sex misbalance). However, it doesnt end there, an unavoidable issue is going to uncover, at it is What will happen then later on or into a couple of more years where the confusion of genders will might be sensational to such an extent that for each man twelve ladies will be shared? At that point what? Polygamy will perhaps not be a fact arrangement and afterward perhaps we should tackle the genuine issues of savagery and passings of men. Another point that the creator uncovered is where the spouses are wiped out and the husbands cannot oversee it or where wives can't have youngsters while the husband especially needs them. This contention speaks to an increasingly legitimate idea, in spite of the fact that not so much right as I would see it and own accepts. I simply cant despite everything comprehend why it is important to go get another accomplice only to serve a child, when you could illuminate it leasing a paunch without depending on duties with other lady. In any case, regardless of whether it occurs or not, I believe that the decisions of a couple are close to home decision s and on the off chance that the spouse concurs, at that point is her very own decision. ? The other point that uncovered is where a marriage has not been exceptionally fruitful and the spouse cherishes another lady. The creator additionally express a few things about when a spouse need to separate from the primary wife to be with the subsequent wife, however the main wife doesnt need to be separate for the safe of the marriage, for herself and their youngsters. Before beginning to clarify something else I do believe is very justifiable the concern that a spouse could have for the prudent and physical protections that a man gives (particularly on these nations were a large portion of the lady depends financially in the husband), yet for the safe of the marriage? What secure? Presently, the creator needs to clarify this in more subtleties, supposing that the idea of secure marriage is to conceal from the general public the very truth status of a relationship in view of the decisions this could bring, at that point I have extremely poor understanding the significance of the term marriage, it appears that this definition doesn’t involucrate then a contract of adoration with an accomplice however a responsibility with social society. Whatever of all the case is, we should remember that clearly we will some how dislike these beliefs and musings, in any event, self-evident, on the off chance that you are a piece of that sort of societies and accepts. Each culture is unique and the investigation that we give others fusing it into our own is essentially off-base and unimportant. We simply cant measure similar societies with a similar apparatus; each culture it’s one of a kind. Furthermore, the distinctions that show every single one of them with the others doesnt gave us the option to group them as less or more. Having said that, clearly my answers were not going to be that quite a bit of adequate. References Aisha B. Lemu, In Defense of Polygamy 2007; http://moodle. oss. cayey. upr. edu/dev/mod/asset/see. php? inpopup=trueamp;id=4434 (all thoughts and references were taking of this)

Creativity Boost How to Really Think Out-of-the-Box

Creativity Boost â€" How to Really Think Out-of-the-Box An entrepreneur is someone who is more than just a business owner. If one is considered an entrepreneur, he/she continuously develops new ideas (niches) for the market. Creativity, that is defined as a process which results in a both original and worthwhile product or a service of a sort, is somewhat synonymous to entrepreneurial endeavors. The competition increases (both in numbers and in innovativeness) as the market broadens and complexities. It is crucial for an entrepreneur to step up the game so as to achieve full potential of his /her business.Creativity spurs new ideas, and new ideas bring new products/services. Additionally, an innovative approach can decrease one’s costs and/or improve the quality of the business as a whole. All these add to the competitiveness on the market. However, it is not always easy to be creative or to ‘think outside the box’, especially when one’s livelihood depends on it.We believe that, by an encircled understanding of the creativity proc ess and its building blocks, any (and every) entrepreneur can improve his/her creative skills and become less dependent on the occasional ‘A-ha!’ moments that is, once an entrepreneur apprehends the elements of creativity, the process and its results will be more easily obtained in the future (and will rather be consciously and continuously instigated than accidental and sporadic). © Shutterstock.com | DooderIn the following article, we will go through the most important elements of the creativity boost process and discuss the question of thinking out-of-the-box. Conclusively, we will present some guidelines that might help a (future) entrepreneur on his/her journey of creation. Read through sections 1) Elements of Creativity, 2) The ‘Box’ and how to Transcend It and 3) Tips for a Creativity Boost â€" and leap forward!ELEMENTS OF CREATIVITYRestrictionRestriction is important for the creativity process because if one does not set some parameters within which ideas will be looked for, the endless opportunities will diminish the quality of creative work. If some self-imposed focus is made, the ideas will be more detailed and fruitful as well as more applicable.Re-ConceptualizationNumerous studies show that re-conceptualization is common among creative minds. It is a creative process in itself because it generates an innovative attitude towards the project one is working on. Basically, re-conceptualization is a step back from the project and its re-evaluation. It provides a wider yet more specified view of the theme and shapes the future stages of the process.For example, an entrepreneur is working in the niche of chair-production and wants to start a new project. He/she does not have any ideas on what kind of project he/she intends to start working on except that a new model of a chair is to be made â€" and that the end purpose is for it to bring customer satisfaction and profit to the business. Before starting on the idea forming process, he/she will re-conceptualize the project itself. Rather than naming the general results he/she wants to achieve (customer satisfaction and profit), one asks himself/herself: “Do I want this chair to bring customer satisfaction solely by its design/comfortableness? Do I want to try to balance these two elements? What kind of design would people find enjoyable? Which specter of people do I want to tar get with this product?” If an entrepreneur asks oneself these questions, creativity process has begun. Moreover, a solid base is made for some guidelines to head already towards the focus of the project.Distribution and ArrangementMany creative minds agree on the fact that separation between research and the actual work is unavoidable if quality results are in mind. It is advisable to spend some time just observing and collecting impressions regarding a theme â€" or just noticing consciously everything around us. After some time, one should begin to formulate ideas. Lastly, upon deciding on the specific project that is to be followed through, one should get to work. All these things should be done separately because if done simultaneously they cause chaos â€" or at least an idea not formed to its full capacity. The mind must be focused on the objectives of each stage to generate beneficial results.ImaginationImagination is what is (especially in the business world) referred to as the ‘thinking outside the box’ approach to idea formulation and project realization. As it is an extremely important element of the creativity process, we will address it separately and in more detail in the following section.Surpassing a Creative BlockEven the most creative (and fruitful) individuals occasionally experience the dreaded ‘Block’. It manifests in the complete incapability to produce ideas. The feeling of being stuck can be difficult to surpass if one does not take time to evaluate what are its causes. Sometimes the mind is too closed to a particular idea while at other times a person is simply tired, and the environment does not support the type of work that needs to be done. It is best to differentiate sources primarily on whether they are external or internal. Bearing this in mind, one should try to deduct what might be the essence of the problem so the appropriate solution can be applied.External ‘Blockers’: If the problem is recognized as external, one should simply re-organize. Mostly the external sources have something to do with the workplace and/or ambiance. It is important to work and create a productive environment. These are dependent on individual inclinations and should be addressed as such. Factors such as temperature and the amount of light can be extremely important for a creative process. Make sure that the temperature is not too cold or too warm and adjust the lighting to your preferences. Most people, however, find slightly dimmed lighting to work best for creative brainstorming. Moreover, it is important to exclude interruptions while in the process. Ideas that are yet to be completely formed can quickly evaporate from the mind (you have to be able to focus on what you are doing).Internal ‘Blockers’: On the other hand, some sources of the creative block are of internal origin. Sometimes the mind just does not work the way we want it to. It is important to evaluate the issue. However, one of the things that pro ve to be most successful in treating mind block is the physical (and psychological) detachment for a certain time interval. If you are not capable of starting your creative engines, you should try to focus on something else, or rest. Your mind will continue to work on the project subconsciously which will result in a better starting state to work with later. A thought (any thought) suffices to bring forward a great idea. However, thoughts that are not left to grow independently rarely reach their potentials and become the idea. Your sub-consciousness is what deals with these thoughts. After some work has already been done, one should turn to daydreaming and naps as an incubator for what was achieved so far â€" this way the project will grow in its natural course.THE ‘BOX’ AND HOW TO TRANSCEND IT‘Think outside the box’ is an expression used in marketing, management, engineering, psychology and creative arts as well as an approach to self-growth since 1970s. It originates from the ‘nine dots’ puzzle that was used at the time as a creativity test in management. In order to solve the puzzle, one has to employ lateral thinking skills (or develop them). Such skills can be immensely beneficial in the creative process because they generate original (and quality) solutions (ideas).What is the ‘Box’?The assignment that was given to the examinees was constituted out of nine dots on a white surface. The dots were arranged as three in a horizontal and vertical row. The directions stated that all dots must be connected by four consecutive lines without lifting the pencil from the paper.Experience showed that most people view non-existing boundaries around the dots and thus will not search for a solution beyond them. It so happens that these boundaries form the simplest encirclement of the external dots, that is, these imaginary boundaries form the geometrical shape of the box.It has been proved that, once the boundaries are surpassed, most people find the so lution easily â€" because in order to fulfill the assignment, lines must be drawn from the ‘external’ space (which is not external in itself, only viewed as such by the human brain).In the psychological sense, the imaginary ‘box’ in the puzzle is immensely symbolic. It is almost as if we can visualize the box within which our thinking is confined. Moreover, it can be felt that beyond these lines lay endless opportunities.The ability to transcend the norms of conventional thought is something that makes all the difference in regard to the market. As we stated in the introduction, competitiveness is stronger than ever, and entrepreneurs must come up with new and strong ideas in order to secure their place on the market. The process must be ongoing because it is not easy to keep that position once it has been obtained.We are using the term ‘transcend’ because we feel it incorporates in itself a connection between what is (that is, the box) and what could be (the world of id eas outside of it). The ‘box’ is a solid structure from which the transcendence occurs. However, implementation of the ideas which can be obtained must include a structure of a sort. Hence, ‘the box’ is not viewed as something pejorative, rather a constructing element (as is the world of ideas outside of it) of a balanced wholeTranscending the ‘Box’!The process of learning how to ‘think outside the box’ is actually pretty simple. People tend to find it difficult because they view creativity as something abstract. However, all people are equally capable of being creative, some by nature, other by experience (practice). In this section, we will present basic principles of thinking which stimulate inventiveness.Lateral ThinkingLateral thinking refers to an approach to problem solving which differs from standard ones (solving problems in a step by step pattern â€" vertical logic; having a large amount of ideas without intent on their implementation â€" horizontal imagina tion). It uses creative and indirect ways to produce new ideas from existing ones.A process of lateral thinking can look something like this: The entrepreneur we have mentioned in the paragraph on re-conceptualization could have approached his project in the manner of lateral thinking. His/her starting point could have been to extract a random object or a word and try to associate it with the term of a chair. For example, a word could be ‘magistrate’. The image that might come in mind as a bridge between the two words might be a comfortable black chair in an office filled with books. The entrepreneur would examine if that would be one of the ways to steer his/her project. If not, he would focus on other images, or other words and/or objects.AbsurdityExposure to absurd patterns causes the mind to work in overdrive â€" in the attempt of understanding something so far from the ‘normal’. With sufficient amount of experiences the mind will in itself become broadened and more crea tive (it has witnessed how wide the specter of imagination can be and thus expands towards what is possible to imagine).View of the OtherExpanding imagination can be obtained through observation of other. By other we mean other realities, experiences and emotions of people who actually exist or fictional characters. It is important to develop awareness of the diversity which surrounds us in order to create something original yet usable.View for the OtherPeople tend to come up with more creative and complex ideas if they are assigned to come up with something as if they were someone else (or for someone else). This happens because a psychological detachment occurs, and one’s mind becomes instantly more innovative.ExperienceEveryone can make at least some amount of changes in their life so as to broaden experience. The result of it is like with all of the other elements we have stated above: a mind that experiences, observes and is frequently surprised, begins to operate on these pa tterns. Consequently, more creative ideas are born.TIPS FOR A CREATIVITY BOOSTIn addition to thinking patterns we have stated above, in this section we will present some guidelines on how to enhance creativity in practice.Risk Taking: Entrepreneurs must come to terms with the possibility that their endeavor might not work. More importantly, they must try nonetheless (if it is something that they truly believe in). The risk they are willing to take might fail but also might bring enormous success. For example, Larry Ellison, the founder of Oracle, and one of the wealthiest people in the world, built his business on risks. When he was starting his business, he promised potential customers features that did not exist and demand their incorporation from developers afterward. Moreover, he hired unqualified staff and educated them during the process. His creative approach not only to his customers but also towards his team resulted in wealth of over 50 billion dollars.Walking: Numerous st udies show that walking stimulates the brain for creative productivity. During the physical activity, the mind produces more diverse and innovative solutions to problems (Steve Jobs, the co-founder of Apple, had a practice of the so-called ‘walking meetings’). Moreover, exercise, in general, enhances cognitive abilities.Learning: Acquiring knowledge not only related to one’s own field but from many other and different angles skyrockets creativity productivity. Moreover, it can result in creation of a separate niche in the market. Entrepreneurs who combine their work with their passions tend to create exceptional products and services.Innovation in everyday life: Implementing new things ever so often will not only prevent an entrepreneur (and his/her employees) from falling into a rut (which is the dead end street of management) but will subtly instigate the spark of creation. If a manager of a business decides that every week there will be a workplace informal thematic gatheri ng and that ever employee will be in charge of organization of such a party at some point (however, no one knows when will it be, or even where will it be), he simultaneously improves the atmosphere at the workplace (and increases the connection between employees) and induces a creative process in all of his workers. Continuous inducement of innovation on a informal level will produce results in the formal ones as well.Creativity should try to find its channels in self-growth and passion, in confidence in one’s abilities to create something exceptional and with acceptance of the uncertainty of the future. The least thing that can be obtained is a lifetime of creation â€" and that is not little at all. In the end we have to keep on trying and believe that the reward we are looking for is close by (while other rewards will be acknowledged retrospectively).

Developing A Safe And Healthy Environment - 1471 Words

Each child deserves to have the opportunity of growing in a safe and healthy environment. Our province’s dream is to become a global leader in achieving academic abilities in all four domains such as social-emotional, physical, language and cognitive development in each child (Early Learning for, 2007, p. 3). In November 2004, the Ontario administration created a great plan called the â€Å"Early Learning for Every Child Today† (ELECT). By launching this plan, Ontario fulfilled its dream. In addition, the ELECT document contains comprehensive and rich sources of information that enhances, rather than modifies, planned curriculum in all Ontario’s care centers operating under the Day Nurseries Act. As long as early childhood professionals working in early childhood settings use the ELECT, this document will constantly improve the quality care, and at the same time, highlight a range of growing abilities and common vocabulary that will sustain early childhood profe ssionals as they work together in early childhood settings (p. 3). Furthermore, organized into five sections, ELECT is a useful document that envisioned leading professionals in early childhood settings. The first section represents the Statement of Principles that is founded on beliefs, standards, practice and present research proof (p. 5). There are six principles acknowledging that families, communities and cultures embrace clear values about how small children should familiarize themselves within their surroundings.Show MoreRelatedEating Food Policy Regulations And Food Choices1256 Words   |  6 PagesEvery time human beings pursue new ways to feed themselves, there are some concerns in different areas. 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Low-income neighborhoods also may have fewer playgrounds, pedestrian and bike-friendly streets, parks and recreational facilities, and other safe and affordable places to exercise, play and be active. Individuals living in low SES communities also have limited purchasing power making it difficult to buy nutrient dense foods (foods high in nutrients and low in calories), which tend to be moreRead MoreExplain How Legislations Influence Nurseries976 Words   |  4 PagesPrimary School accepts and abides by the Health and Safety Policy to aim for a safe and healthy environment for children, teaching and non-teaching staff and all other people who arrive on the premises of the school. It also ensures that all member of the school community understand their o wn responsibilities in maintaining a healthy and safe environment. Principles The establishment of a health and safe environment is essential for the work of the school. It is also a law. It depends upon sound

Understanding the Italian Present Conditional Tense

The present conditional tense (condizionale presente) is equivalent to the English constructions of would plus verb (for example: I would never forget). Forming conditionals is easy: just take any verb, drop the final -e in its infinitive form, and add an appropriate ending—endings are the same for all three conjugation groups of verbs. The only spelling change occurs with -are verbs, which change the a of the infinitive ending to e. What Does a Reflexive Verb Look Like? Reflexive verbs follow the same scheme, with the addition of the reflexive pronouns mi, ti, si, ci, vi, or si when conjugating them: mi laverei, ti laveresti, si laverebbe, ci laveremmo, vi lavereste, si laverebbero. In Italian, a reflexive verb is one when the action carried out by the subject is performed on the same subject. So for example, â€Å"I wash myself† or â€Å"I sit myself in the chair. The subject, â€Å"I, am doing the washing and the sitting. It’s important to know that not all verbs are reflexive, but there are plenty out there and each must be memorized. In order to make an Italian verb reflexive, drop the -e of its infinitive ending and add the pronoun si. For example, pettinare (to comb) becomes pettinarsi (to comb oneself) in the reflexive. Si is an additional pronoun, known as the reflexive pronoun, which is needed when conjugating reflexive verbs. Note that some reflexive verbs can be used without the reflexive pronouns. In this case, their meaning changes: - Alzarsi to wake up/to get up Tu ti alzi. (You get up.) Tu alzi la sedia. (You lift the chair.) Conditional-Tense Sentences Here are some examples of conditional-tense sentences: Vorrei un caffà ¨. (I would like a coffee.)Scriverei a mia madre, ma non ho tempo. (I would write to my mother, but I dont have time.)Mi daresti il biglietto per la partita? (Would you give me a ticket for the game?) The table below provides examples of three regular Italian verbs (one of each class) conjugated in the present conditional tense. Italian Workbook Exercises Questions | AnswersPresent Conditional TenseA. Complete the following sentences using the condizionale presente of the verbs in parentheses. Io ________________ mangiare la pizza. (preferire)Che cosa Le ________________ fare? (piacere)Noi ________________cercare subito un parcheggio. (dovere)Lui ________________ noleggiare una macchina. (volere)________________ darmi lorario dei treni? (potere)Le ragazze ________________, ma non ricordano le parole. (cantare)Teresa ________________ tedesco, m non ricorda i verbi. (parlare)Tu ________________ di non capire, ma sei impulsivo. (fingere)Gli studenti ________________ i corsi, ma non à ¨ obbligatorio. (frequentare)Voi ________________ il segreto, ma non sapete come. (scoprire) CONJUGATING ITALIAN VERBS IN THE PRESENT CONDITIONAL TENSE PARLARE CREDERE SENTIRE io parlerei crederei sentirei tu parleresti crederesti sentiresti lui, lei, Lei parlerebbe crederebbe sentirebbe noi parleremmo crederemmo sentiremmo voi parlereste credereste sentireste loro, Loro parlerebbero crederebbero sentirebbero

Functions of Human Resources Free Essays

Human Resources, or HR, can at times, be something of a mystery if you have not had any reason to interact with the human resource staff. What do they accomplish in the human resources department? What is their contribution to the company? Every day the human resources department is making decisions that affect the employees. Wages and salaries, hiring and firing, handling employee grievances, and employee training are functions of the human resources department. We will write a custom essay sample on Functions of Human Resources or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wages and Salaries Human resources follows the patterns of other employers to help them determine what they pay the company employees. Competitive wages are important to employees when they are job searching or moving up within the company. According to the HR Council for the Nonprofit Sector, â€Å"Salary surveys are conducted with employers in the same labor market to determine pay levels for specific job categories† (â€Å"Wages,† â€Å"n. d. ,†, p. 2). Surveys are a function of HR to determine if they are offering competitive wages with other companies. Hiring and Firing Hiring new employees is directly affected by human resources. Creating job descriptions and determining the skills needed to qualify for a position is a function of the human resources department. Job descriptions describe what is expected from the person applying for the position. This written job description also gives the human resources guidelines if discipline is needed in the future. Established expectations are used to coach an employee and if necessary fire the employee. Firing Firing an employee is not as easy as it may seem. Documentation is necessary to build a history of coaching an employee into the correct behavior. If the correct behavior is not reached a historical case has been created to support firing the employee. If the action or behavior violates company policy, immediate firing of the employee can happen. Employee Grievances Listening to employee grievances is an important function of human resources. Linking management with workers who have an issue that needs addressing is handled within human resources. Management may not be aware of an employee’s grievance without the connection that human resources can make between the two levels of employees. Documentation of the grievance and steps toward a solution is a function of human resources. Employee Training Training employees and supplying current job information should be a continual process of the human resources department. Keeping employees trained is a vital step in running a good company. â€Å"In order to improve the efficiency level of the employees they have go undergo regular trainings and development programs† (â€Å"Training,† â€Å"n. d. ,†, p. 2). Employees who can complete their jobs to the highest level possible keep the company running efficiently. It is the responsibility and function of the human resources department to supply training to the company’s employees. Conclusion There are many functions of the human resources department. Hiring employees, training, and coaching are a few functions of human resources. Human resources support the company in ways not always seen, but the effects are implemented with the workers. Creating a productive work environment requires constant work from the human resources department that may not always be noticed. How to cite Functions of Human Resources, Papers

Off grid solar System-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Off grid Solar System. Answer: Introduction Solar powered frameworks infer pure and clean energy from the sun. Installation of solar systems on people's homes aids in decreasing our aggregate reliance on petroleum product and combating greenhouse gas emissions (Rehman Al-Hadhrami2010). At the point when petroleum derivatives are singed to deliver power, they transmit destructive gasses that are the essential driver of global warming and air pollution. Solar Citys carbon footprint per unit of vitality creation is ninety-five percent lower than that of fossil products control plants. Not exclusively are petroleum fuels energy terrible for the environment, they are a limited resource. Restricted availability makes an unpredictable market in which vitality costs can skyrocket in a brief timeframe. Given the low ozone harming substance outflows from sunlight-based power, expanding its adoption is a fundamental strategy in endeavors to battle environmental change at both the national level and individual. Solar Panels Solar panels are panels made to absorb sunlight in generating heat and electricity for domestic consumption. A packaged of photovoltaic module is connected to solar cell which is a typically assembly of 6x10 photovoltaic cells. These photovoltaic modules comprise of the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic framework that creates and supplies sunlight based power for business and private applications. Every module is rated by its direct current yield control under standard test conditions (STC) and regularly goes from a hundred to three hundred and sixty-five Watts. Workload calculation Having chosen the components, we calculate the workload. Appliance is a regular household bulb of 15w Hours of running = 8 hours Calculating total watt hour = 15 w x 8 = 120 Considering the system has a 30% energy loss then we have Total watt per day = 120 x 1.3 = 156 Wh Types of solar panels The variety of sun oriented power innovations accessible keep running on a size of productivity, value, flexibility and durability, based on the need of ones venture. PV solar based innovation creates control since materials such as silicon yield an electrical current when they sunlight, in a method referred as the photovoltaic effect (Burnett Borle 2005, September). Likewise semiconductors, sunlight based PV innovation needs purged silicon to get a good efficiency, and the cost behind PV sun oriented manufacturing is frequently determined by the crystalline silicon decontamination process. There are three types of solar panel. Monocrystalline: For the most part, monocrystalline silicon sun powered based PV is the best advancement to pass on viability, as measured by wattage yield related to the board estimate. However, this capability can be went with additional expenses. The most proper esteem is sun situated PV advancement is polycrystalline silicon, offering adequacy levels close to monocrystalline boards, however at a large portion of the cost sometimes. Polycrystalline: These sun oriented is made by including silicon fluid into a cast. Nevertheless, because of this advancement strategy, the gem structure will outline deficiently, making hindrances where development of precious stone breaks. This gives the polycrystalline silicon its unmistakable, grainy appearance, as the gemstone sort configuration highlights the cutoff points in the valuable stone. Thin-Film Solar PV: This technology is the least used and has the lowest market share since it has several disadvantage. However it is considered as the suitable option for projects that needs less power requirement that need portability and light weight. Thin film has generated an efficiency of twenty percent efficiency. Effects of Solar Panel The sun gives a gigantic asset to producing spotless and maintainable power without poisonous contamination or a dangerous atmospheric devation emanations. The potential natural effects related with sun based power arrive utilize and environment misfortune, water utilize, and the utilization of perilous materials in assembling can differ enormously relying upon the innovation, which incorporates two general classifications: photovoltaic (PV) sun based cells or concentrating sun oriented warm plants (CSP). The size of the framework extending from little, dispersed housetop PV exhibits to substantial utility-scale PV and CSP ventures additionally assumes a huge part in the level of ecological effect. Rating Of the Solar Panel Sunlight based board measure should be picked in a way that it will charge the battery totally amid the one day time. Amid the time of twelve hours of day time the daylight is not uniform and differentiation according to your territory in the globe. So we can expect four hours of successful daylight which will produce the evaluated control. Hence, Total WP of the panel = 156WH/4 = 39 W Solar panel size In spite of the fact that length and width fluctuates somewhat, most manufacturing are producing sun based boards in standard sizes. The most run of the mill estimate utilized for private establishments is 65 creeps by 39 inches which will be the appropriate for this venture, while the basic size for business applications is 77 crawls by 39 inches. The littler size is a superior fit for private activities to expand accessible rooftop space. Most business ventures have many boards and this is the reason the somewhat bigger board is a more perfect decision. Sun Power is the special case to length and width. Their private board is 61 crawls by 41 inches, somewhat shorter and somewhat more extensive than standard boards. With respect to control, estimate is regularly alluded to in DC watts under STC or PTC conditions. STC, or Standard Test Conditions, is the power rating measured under research center conditions (Rehman Al-Hadhrami2010). STC is the thing that a sun based board maker utilizes as a part of their specialized particulars of hardware. Most standard boards are in the vicinity of 23o and 275 watts DC STC, while Sun Power producer's high-effectiveness gear in the scope of 327 to 345 watts. PTC, or PV USA Test Conditions, is the power rating under more "certifiable" conditions. The PTC of a sunlight based board is ordinarily 10-15% lower than its STC. For standard boards, the PTC is commonly in the vicinity of 195 and 247 watts DC. Solar cell electric model Solar cells are tiny, square-molded board semiconductors produced using silicon and other conductive materials, fabricated in thin film layers. At the point when daylight strikes a sun-based cell, synthetic responses discharge electrons, creating an electric current. Sun-powered cells are additionally called photovoltaic cells (PV cells) and can be found on numerous most of electronic for example calculators. PV is molded as a current source since it supplies a constant current over a wide range of voltages It has p-n junction diode that supplies a potential It has internal resistors that impede the flow of the electrons. Cells are the electrical gadget that proselytes daylight into power. With a specific end goal to produce a valuable measure of energy, cells are linked together in a sun powered board. 60 cell modules are the business standard for private applications, however somewhat bigger business boards are for the most part 72 cells. SunPower, the pioneer in sun oriented board effectiveness, uses 96 cell boards. Sun based establishment organizations regularly take a gander at the quantity of cells while deciding similarity with microinverters Sun situated cells are not ordinarily used independently in light of the way that they don't yield sufficient voltage and vitality to meet normal electrical solicitations.The measure of voltage and current they yield can be expanded by joining cells together with wires to create bigger zone sunlight based modules. Cells can be associated in various ways Strings where cells are associated in arrangement Blocks at least 2 strings associated together in parallel Joining at least 2 squares together Calculating Current and Voltage Series connections are made by connecting one cells ntype contact to the p-type of the next cell Parallel connections are made by joining each cells ntype contacts together and p-type contacts together Series connections the voltages add Parallel connections the current add Series connections the current flow is equal to the current from the cell generating the smallest current (limited by poorest cell) Parallel connections the voltage is the average of the cells or string in parallel Battery The yield from the sun powered board is dc control. This power is produced amid the day time as it were. So if you have to run a dc stack in the midst of day time then it is in every way basic. In any case, doing this is not a respectable decision in light of the way that: Most of the machines require a consistent evaluated voltage to run effectively. Sun powered board voltage is not unfaltering it changes as shown by the sunshine if you have to run the machines in the midst of night then it is incomprehensible. The above issue is lit up by using a battery to store the daylight based power in the midst of the day time and utilize it as indicated by your decision .It will give steady wellspring of steady, dependable power (Kolhe, Kolhe Joshi 2002). There are different sort of Batteries. Auto and bicycle batteries are intended for providing short blasts of high present and after that be revived and are not intended for a profound release. In any case, the sun based battery is a profound cycle lead-corrosive battery that takes into consideration incomplete release and takes into account profound moderate release. Lead corrosive tubular battery is ideal for a nearby planetary group. Li-Ion batteries and Ni-MH batteries are moreover used various little power application. Before going to pick the fragments pick your system voltage 12/24 or 48 V. Higher the voltage lesser the present and lesser will be the copper adversity in the channel. This will reduce your conductor appraise also.In by far most of the little home adjacent planetary gathering have twenty-four or twelve volts. This project uses twelve volt system. Rating of the battery Batteries capacity are rated in term of Ampere Hour. Power= Current X Voltage Watt Hour =Voltage x Current x Time Voltage of the battery = 12 volts ( the system uses 12v) capacity of voltage = Load /Voltage = 156/12 = 13Ah Basically battery are not perfect, so we need to consider the loss. Taking the battery loss is fifteen percent. So battery limit required is 13/0.85 =15.29 Ah For a good battery life,they are not permitted to release completely that is 100 %.For overflowed lead corrosive battery 60% profundity of release is considered as great practice. Hence the Capacity needed = 15.29/0.6 = 25.49 Ah You can choose a profound cycle lead corrosive battery with limit more than 25.49 Ah. You can round off to 30Ah Charger controller Charge controller of a solar is a gadget which is set between a battery and solar panel . It controls the current and voltage starting from your sun fueled sheets .It is used to keep up the right charging voltage on the batteries. As the data voltage from the sun arranged board rises, the charge controller guides the charge to the batteries keeping any overcharging (Burnett Borle 2005, September). Generally speaking, the sun based power structures uses 12 volt batteries, however Solar sheets can pass on altogether more voltage than is required to charge the batteries. By, fundamentally, changing over the excess voltage into amps, the charge voltage can be kept at a perfect level while the time required to totally charge the batteries is lessened. This empowers the sun based power system to work in a perfect world at all conditions. Types of Charge controller: PWM MPPT ON OFF Among the three charge controllers MPPT have most elevated productivity yet it is costly.So you would use be able to either PWM or MPPT. Rating on charge Controller Since the project will use 12V, then the Charge controller must be 12V Current = Output of the power by the of Panels / Voltage = 120 W/ 12V = 10 A By taking thirty percent edge, You can pick a 13A charge controller. However, the following rating controller accessible in the market is 20A. So pick a Charge Controller of twelve Volt and current rating of 20.0A. Low voltage Cutt off In batteries, the cut-off (definite) voltage is the recommended lower-limit point voltage at which battery discharge is taken to be complete. The cut-off voltage is typically picked so that the maximum limit of the battery is accomplished. The cut-off voltage is unique in relation to one battery to the next and it is exceedingly reliant on the sort of battery and the sort of administration in which the battery is utilized. When testing the limit of a NiMH or NiCd battery a cut-off voltage of 1.0 V for every cell is ordinarily utilized, though 0.9 V is regularly utilized as the cut-off voltage of an antacid cell. Gadgets that have too high cut-off voltages may quit working while the battery still has huge limit remaining. Some convenient hardware does not completely utilize the low-end voltage range of a battery (Rehman Al-Hadhrami2010). The power to the equipment cuts off before a generally huge segment of the battery life has been utilized. A high cut-off voltage is more across the board than maybe expected. For instance, a specific brand of cell phone that is controlled with a solitary cell Lithium-particle battery cuts off at 3.3V. The Li particle can be discharged to 3V and lower; in any case, with a discharge to 3.3V at room temperature, around 9298 percent of the limit is utilized. Imperatively, especially on account of lithium particle batteries which are utilized as a part of most by far of compact hardware today, a voltage cut-off below 3.2V would lead be able to synthetic insecurity in the cell, with the outcome being a diminished battery lifetime. Therefore, electronic makers tend to utilize higher cut-off voltages, evacuating the requirement for shoppers to purchase battery substitutions before other disappointment components in a gadget produce results. Reference Chung, H. H., Tse, K. K., Hui, S. R., Mok, C. M., Ho, M. T. (2003). A novel maximum power point tracking technique for solar panels using a SEPIC or Cuk converter.IEEE transactions on power electronics,18(3), 717-724. Bodur, M., Ermis, M. (1994, April). Maximum power point tracking for low power photovoltaic solar panels. InElectrotechnical Conference, 1994. Proceedings., 7th Mediterranean(pp. 758-761). IEEE. Krueger, W. F., Shaw, A. R., Smith, J. L. (1981).U.S. Patent No. 4,269,173. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Erling, P. S. (2006).U.S. Patent No. 7,012,188. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kolhe, M., Kolhe, S., Joshi, J. C. (2002). Economic viability of stand-alone solar photovoltaic system in comparison with diesel-powered system for India.Energy economics,24(2), 155-165. Boico, F., Lehman, B., Shujaee, K. (2007). Solar battery chargers for NiMH batteries.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,22(5), 1600-1609. Burnett, M. B., Borle, L. J. (2005, September). A power system combining batteries and supercapacitors in a solar/hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle. InVehicle Power and Propulsion, 2005 IEEE Conference(pp. 7-pp). IEEE. Rehman, S., Al-Hadhrami, L. M. (2010). Study of a solar PVdieselbattery hybrid power system for a remotely located population near Rafha, Saudi Arabia.Energy,35(12), 4986-4995.

Tapeworm2 Essay Example For Students

Tapeworm2 Essay In nature you see many biological relationship in which two living aninamls have a relationship. One animal will benefits from the other aninaml that animal which lives off the other benefits from that animal or could suffers. A tapeworm and a human are example of a parasitism. The way a human comes in contrats a tapeworm by eating uncooked meat then the tapeworm makes it self at home in the human body. Whenever the human eats food the tapeworm takes in all the food it need to live. The tapeworm makes sure that does not take all the food that the human puts in it body because if does that the human will not get the nautratin the human body needs to live. If the human with the tapeworm its in body dies then the tapeworm dies as well because its host is not able to get the food it need to live. If the tapeworm in a human body for some time the human body will lose mass amounts of weight because the tapeworm eats up all food you feed your body and you will still be living but you will b e very weak and not be able to go on with your everyday life. The only way for a human to get rid of a tapeworm is go to a doctor and have them put sharp blad down your throut and cut the head of the tapeworm off then your body will just get rid of tapeworm when you get rid of your waste. In the United States the tapeworm is not a very big problem because our goverment has hi standards about the meat the we eat in this country. Some countrys such as in Eurpoe you have be cautious about the meat you because they dont have such hi standards in as the US and getting a tapeworm would not be as much as big deal as it would be in the US. Bibliography: We will write a custom essay on Tapeworm2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

What your dreams are telling you essays

What your dreams are telling you essays Do you know what your dreams are telling you? If your answer was NO youre not alone. Many people have no idea what their dreams are trying to tell them. In this research paper I will answer this question and many other questions about dreams, sleep and also types of dreams. I will also talk about some of the most common or popular dreams and their meanings. We will explore some dream theories and interpretations of dreams. I have also done my own at hand research which I will be sharing with you the reader in this paper. I wish to take you through the dreaming process step by step, but in order for dreams to begin we must first sleep. So that is where Ill begin, with the sleep process. All dreaming starts with sleep. When we sleep there are four stages that we go through (Carskadon 4). Stage one is the lightest phase of sleep. In stage one sleep there is often visual imagery involved. Images appear in the form of wandering or dream like thought which can be controlled unlike a full dream state. In this stage of sleep someone can be awakened by low volume sounds or slight touch. Stage one sleep happens through-out the night. It often reappears as a transitional state of sleep following arousal during the night. When stage one does reappear during sleep it only last thirty seconds to one minute (Carskadon 5-6). Young adults spend ten to fifteen minutes a night in stage one sleep (Carskadon 6). Sometimes during sleep you feel your body jerk or twitch, that is called Hypnic Jerks. This usually happens right before stage two sleep occurs (Carskadon 6). Stage two sleep may have some of the slower eye movement of stage one but in general stage two sleep is free of any eye movement. Another feature of stage two is arousal. Since stage two is a deeper sleep than stage one it will take more arousal to awaken a person from this stage of sleep. The transition from stage two sleep to stage three occurs wit...

Media Education in Elementary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media Education in Elementary - Essay Example The students should be capacitated to read media messages and also create their own media messages. I definitely agree with Bill Bigelow that advertisements to a very large extent promote wrong perceptions. They make the viewer very uncomfortable by threatening the esteem of the viewer who start believing in the false claims and overlook the actual product. Advertisements are designed with only one rationale- maximum profit to the company. Therefore, they make all sorts of false claims to attract the viewer. However, a viewer with sufficient knowledge of semiotics can never be deceived. This is because semiotics help the viewer unfold the actual meanings hidden in the ads. I liked his approach of teaching global studies and the one in which students wrote about the effects of ads on their personality. The newly emerged interest in the field of masculinity study has undoubtedly offered a variety of genres like magazines, journals, albums, videos, ads etc. However I would like to menti on the not-so-good effects of this growing research- firstly, the potential psychologically damaging effects of violent ads on young adolescent boys. Secondly, the well toned attractive body of male models threatens the self esteem of the male audience.

Argument essay on Should the government provide health care Research Paper - 1

Argument essay on Should the government provide health care - Research Paper Example This is made worse by the fact that the country has continued to record slow economic development leading to a significant rise in the rate of unemployment, meaning that more and more people will continue to consider healthcare as a secondary necessity as compared to other needs such as food, education and shelter. This paper is a critical evaluation on whether the government should provide healthcare to its citizens. As earlier mentioned, a healthy population is a healthy nation. This means that a country which is free of diseases stands to benefit from its human resources especially in various sectors of the economy such as Agriculture, building and construction, mining, management among others. This is due to the fact that these people earn their living by the virtue of their presence and attendance to their duties and responsibilities, which can be compromised by sickness. In this context, the government should come up with a policy of ensuring that healthcare provision especially in medical check ups is paid for by the government. This would encourage people to visit health centers on regular basis to have their checkups (Halvorson 26). Diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart infections, and tuberculosis among others would then become easy to detect and control at their earliest stages of development. This principle has been applied world wide for testing and treating infections such as HIV /AIDS and it has proved to be fruitful. It is wrong to find that medical checkup among majority of citizens is perceived as a luxury since it demands for them to dig deeper into their pockets. Consequently, infections such as those of the eyes and teeth continue to affect citizens despite the fact that they can be corrected if detected early enough. It is estimated that approximately 15 million people failed to acquire eyeglasses while another 25 million could not access dental care with regard to 2005 statistics (Halvorson 45). It is sad to

Cultural Intelligence in Thai Society

Cultural Intelligence in Thai Society Abstract The purpose of this article was to explain and discuss cultural intelligence in Thai society where Buddhism plays a very important role to daily life of Thai people. Cultural intelligence is important can be helpful for individuals who interact with people from different cultural backgrounds and help for manage effectively culture differences. According to the model Thomas and Inkson (2004), the development of cultural intelligence occurs in five stages are reactivity, recognition, accommodation, assimilation, and proactive. There are three characteristics to increase cultural intelligence including integrity, openness, and hardiness. These characteristics look similarly in Thai culture factors. As Buddhism plays a very important role in the daily life of the Thai people. Since about 95% of the people in the kingdom of Thailand are Buddhist Therefore, Thai society or Thai people have basic from Buddha core teaching which helps people in everywhere to become more to develop cultural i ntelligence. Keywords: cultural intelligence (CQ), development cultural intelligence, Thai society Introduction In the recent year cultural intelligence (CQ) has been introduced into the global business literature (Earley, 2002; Earley Ang, 2003). This concept is meant to reflect the capability to deal effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds. The ability interacts effectively with people who are culturally different. Globalization has been accelerated by a host of factors in the international business environment, including the following: New international trade agreement the growth of international trade the growth of multinational corporations the restructuring and downsizing of organizations the privatization of state enterprise the ability to locate business, particularly manufacturing, wherever cost it lowest the ability to execute financial transactions instantaneously on a global basis the transition of command economies to free markets the expansion of international migration the ability of information and communication technology to transcend time and distance (Th omas Inkson, 2004). Although international commerce may have existed for many years ago, it is only in the past few years that globalization has such a broad effect on business. Until recently only a few very large multinational companies were concerned with foreign operations. For most firms business was largely local, tried closely to the city or region in which they were located, and certainly limited to the confines of the country. Now, business extends across all manner of porous boundaries—some of which have become so porous they have almost ceased to exist—across the entire globe. Even very small firms now have the capability to be global. With a computer, a modem, and telephone connection it is possible to be a global business almost instantaneously. Because of globalization, the environment of business is now more complex, more dynamic, more uncertain, and more competitive than ever before. And there is no evidence that these trends will reverse or decrease (Thomas Inkson, 2004). Globalization of people is the result of dramatic shifts that have taken place in economics, politics, and technology. However, the day-to-day reality of global business involves interactions and relationships with people who are culturally different. In business today, we travel overseas among people from other cultures, we speak with them on international telephone calls, and we correspond with them be e-mail. Even in our home cities, we notice that more and more of our colleagues, our clients, and even the people we pass in the street are observable from cultures different from our own. The trend is inexorable. The range of different cultural backgrounds in huge; colleagues, business associates, and contacts probable represent countries or ethnic groups from all over the world. Johansen and McLean (2006) said that: Globalization, communications technology, immigration, an increased focus on religion and spirituality, and the ease of both domestic and international travel offer an opportunity to work, learn, and interact with people whose backgrounds differ from our own. To be effective, HRD practitioners must recognize how cultural background, assumptions, and view of the world influence an understanding. (P. 1) Culture can be seen as shaping the nature of social structures as they grow and adapt (Hofstede, 1991). Earley, Ang, and Tan (2006) suggested that â€Å"cultural intelligence as operating within a diversity context consisting of at least three layers – individual, team, and organization† (p. 168). As mention above, Earley (2002) concluded that it is a challenge to create suitable behavior in a new cultural setting that makes cultural intelligence unique. What is exactly cultural intelligence look like? How to improve cultural intelligence? Thomas and Inkson (2004) suggested three characteristics to increase cultural intelligence including integrity, openness, and hardiness. They also describe that culturally intelligent people see the connections between a culture and its context, history, and value orientations. People realize that knowledge of the culture of a country or region is only valuable in the context of understanding its religious, philosophical, and historical issues. All of these inspire the author to think about what does the relationship between cultural intelligence in my home county, Thailand. Thai culture has been greatly influenced by Buddhism. Thai culture is often known as â€Å"Thai-Buddhist culture† (Dhirvegin, 1998, p. 13). Buddhism plays a very important role in the daily life of the Thai people. Since about 95% of the people in the kingdom of Thailand are Buddhist (Chadchaidee, 2005). Do any Thai people really need to develop cultural intelligence? If yes, what kinds of cultural intelligence that Thai people needed? Purpose of the article This article is aims to explain and discus about cultural intelligence issue especially in Thai society. In order to clearly understanding, the author will present the concept of cultural intelligence, Thai culture and society, Buddhist core teaching will be discussed. Cultural Intelligence Issue There are many scholars define cultural intelligence (Earley, 2002; Early Ang, 2003; Earley, Ang Tan, 2006; Erley Mosakowski, 2004; Earley Peterson, 2004; Tomas, 2006; Thomas Inkson, 2004). In this section, the author will present an overview of cultural intelligence that including definition of cultural intelligence, components of cultural intelligence, characteristics supportive of cultural intelligence, and developmental stages of cultural intelligence. Cultural intelligence, one component of cultural competence, is defined as â€Å"a person’s capability to adapt effectively to new cultural contexts† (Earley Ang, 2003, p. 59). More specifically, cultural intelligence is â€Å"a seemingly natural ability to interpret someone’s unfamiliar and ambiguous gestures the way that person’s compatriots would and colleagues would, even to mirror them† (Earley Mosakowaski, 2004, p. 140). Cultural intelligence captures a person’s capability to adapt effectively to new cultural contexts and it has both process and content features (Earley Ang, 2003; Thomas Inkson, 2004). Similar to earlier definitions, Thomas and Inkson (2004) present the three component of cultural intelligence.   According to the Figure 1, Thomas and Inkson (2004) described at first, the culturally intelligent manger requires knowledge of culture and of the fundamental principles of cross-cultural interactions. This means knowing what culture is how cultures vary, and how culture affects behavior. Second, the culturally intelligent manager needs to practice mindfulness, the ability to pay attention in a reflective and creative way to cues in the cross-cultural situations encountered. The last, based on knowledge and mindfulness, the culturally intelligent manager develops behavioral skills, and becomes competent across a wide range of situations. These skills involve choosing the appropriate behavior from a well-developed repertoire of behaviors that are correct for different intercultural situations. All of three elements are interrelated with the other. This knowledge is only the beginning to becoming culturally intelligent. Cultural intelligence involves understanding the fundamentals of intercultural interaction, developing a mindfulness approach to intercultural interactions and finally building adaptive skills and a repertoire of behaviors so that one is effective in different intercultural situations. If we accept the notion that cultural intelligence is learned over time through intercultural interactions we can also envision that individuals pass through various stages of development in their level of cultural intelligence. Thomas and Inkson (2004 pp. 66-68) presented five stages to develop cultural intelligence including: Stage 1: Reactivity to external stimuli. A starting point is mindlessly following ones own cultural rules and norms. This stage is typical of individuals with very little exposure to, or interest in, other cultures. Parochial individuals do not even recognize that cultural differences exist. If they do, they consider them inconsequential. People at this stage of development can be heard to say things like â€Å"I dont see differences, and I treat everyone the same.†. Stage 2: Recognition of other cultural norms and motivation to learn more about them. Experience and mindfulness produce a newfound awareness of the multicultural mosaic that surrounds us. A heightened sense of mindfulness presents a sometimes-overwhelming amount of new information Curiosity is aroused, and the individual wants to lean more. People at this stage often struggle to sort through the complexity of the cultural environment. They search for simple rules of thumb to guide their behavior. Stage 3: Accommodation of other culture norms and rules in ones own mind. Reliance on absolutes disappears. A deeper understanding of cultural variation begins to develop. The cultural norms and rules of various societies begin to seem comprehensible and even reasonable in their context. The recognition of appropriate behavioral responses to different cultural situations develops; however, only fairly obvious cues are attended to, and adaptive behavior takes a lot of effort and is often awkward. People at this stage know what to say and do in a variety of cultural situations. However, they have to think about it, and adaptive behavior does not feel natural. Stage 4: Assimila tion of diverse cultural norms into alternative behaviors. At this stage adjusting to different situations no longer requires much effort. Individuals develop a repertoire of behaviors from which they can choose depending on the specific cultural situation. They actively experiment with new behavior. They function in a number of different cultures almost effortlessly and with no more stress than if they were in their home culture- Members of other cultures accept them as culturally knowledgeable and feel comfortable interacting with them. They feel at home, almost anywhere, Stage 5: Proactivity in cultural behavior based on recognition of changing cues that others do not perceive. People who are highly culturally intelligent have the ability, through continuous sampling of internal states and external cues, to sense changes in cultural context, sometimes even before members of the other culture. They are so attuned to the nuances of intercultural interactions that they almost automa tically adjust their behavior to anticipate these changes and facilitate better intercultural interactions among others. They seem to intuitively know what behaviors are required and how to execute them effectively. Individuals at this stage of development may be quite rare; however, it is a level of cultural intelligence to which we all might aspire. Griffer and Perlis (2007) stated that the development of cultural intelligence begins with a study of self and the awareness that everyone has a multi-perspective identity. Many people look into a mirror and describe themselves on the basis of what they see and subsequently describe others in the same way. Looking into that mirror, we see characteristics that can be easily described as race. Multi-perspective identity is defined as â€Å"characteristics of our identity that enable each individual to view reality through specific perspectives based upon ability, age, ethnicity, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic class† (Perlis, 2001 p. 11). This concept can certainly incorporate other forms of difference that comprise one’s identity; however, the definition for our work addressing the development of cultural intelligence will focus on these basic cultural characteristics. As pre-service we begin to see themselves as multi-perspective individual s and understand the interrelationships between these forms of their identity, they will develop cultural intelligence. Thomas Inkson (2004) suggested the possession or development of these underlying characteristics – integrity, openness, and hardiness – can support acquisition of a cultural intelligence easier. Integrity is â€Å"having a well-developed sense of self and understanding how one’s own belief system motivates behavior† (Thomas Inkson, 2004 p. 65). People differ in the ways they describe our inner self cannot be directly known by other people. It is important for us to have an honest understanding of ourselves. Openness is â€Å"showing deferential respect and a willingness to learn from others† (Thomas Inkson, 2004 p. 65). It is mean inquisitiveness particularly about people from different cultures. Hardiness is â€Å"robustness, courage, intrepidness, and capability of surviving unfavorable conditions. If we are hardy we can cope with stress, recover from shocks, and perceive stressful events as interesting and meaningful and as an opportunity for growth and learning. † (Thomas Inkson, 2004 p. 65). In summary, Cultural intelligence is a person’s aptitude to task successfully with people from different culture background and understanding. Cultural intelligence has three component of cultural intelligence include with knowledge, mindfulness, and behavior. The development of cultural intelligence occurs in five stages are reactivity, recognition, accommodation, assimilation, and proactive. Finally, the author present three characteristics to increase cultural intelligence including integrity, openness, and hardiness can support acquisition of a cultural intelligence. The next section the author will present about Thai culture and society. Thai Culture and Society Thailand is situated in the heart of Southeast Asia with Bangkok as the capital city. Thailand spreads out over 513,115 square kilometers of land and stretches some 1,620 kilometers from north to south and 775 kilometers from east to west. Thailand is divided into four natural regions: the north, northeast, the central plain, and the south. The Kingdom, a society that is also free, cohesive, and open, remains one of the most attractive places in the world to visit and conduct business. Buddhism is the faith of approximately 95 percent of the population (About Thailand, 2007). Today, Thai people share a rich ethnic diversity, Mon, Khmer, Tai, Chinese, Malay, Laotian, and Indian stock, with the result that there is no typically Thai. About 80% of all Thais are connected in some way with agriculture, which influences and is influenced by the religious ceremonies and festivals that help make Thailand such a distinctive country (UNDP: Thailand Human Development Report, 2007). It should be noted that the concepts of Thai culture are mostly similar to Buddhist principle. Buddhist principles are pragmatic (Payutto, 2003) as we can see from one of the teachings about pairs that though little he recites the Sacred Texts, but put the precepts into practice, forsaking lust, hatred and delusion, with right knowledge, with mind well freed, cling to nothing here or hereafter, he has a share in religious life (Wannapok, 1988). There are the main ideas of Buddhism are contained in the statements known as The Noble Eightfold Path and the Middle Way. Truth defines the Buddhist way of life and contains ail the ethical teaching and practices of Buddhism. It provides the way and means to attain the goal as set forth in the third Truth. This way is called the Noble Eightfold Path as it consists of eight factors as show in Table 1. Table 1: The Noble Eightfold Path as it corresponds to the Threefold Training The Threefold Training The Noble Eightfold Path ‘Panna’ or Wisdom Right View Right Thought ‘Sila’ or Morality Right Speech Right Action Right Livelihood ‘Samadhi’ or Meditation Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration. Knietim (2009) suggested that Right View is means to see and to understand things as they really. As such, right view is the cognitive aspect of wisdom. Right Thought is the kind of mental energy that controls our actions. It can be described best as commitment to ethical and mental self-improvement. Right Speech is importance of speech can save lives or break, make friends or enemies. Right Action is expression and involves bodily actions. Right action means to act kindly and compassionately, to be honest, to respect the belongings of others, and to keep sexual relationships harmless to others. Right Livelihood means that one should earn ones living in a righteous way and that wealth should be gained legally and peacefully. Right effort is mental energy, it is the force behind right effort. The same type of energy that fuels desire, envy, aggression, and violence can on the other side fuel self-discipline, honesty, benevolence, and kindness. Right mindfulness is the ability to see t hings as they are, with clear consciousness. Right mindfulness enables us to be aware of the process of conceptualization in a way that we actively observe and control the way our thoughts go. Right Concentration is through the practice of meditation. The meditating mind focuses on a selected object. Through this practice it becomes natural to apply elevated levels concentration also in everyday situations The eight aspects of the path are not to be understood as a sequence of single steps, instead they are highly interdependent principles that have to be seen in relationship with each other. The eight factors of the Path are therefore organized into a system called the Threefold Training of morality (comprising the Right Speech, Right Action, and Right Livelihood factors), concentration or thought development (comprising the Right Effort,  Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration factors), and wisdom (consisting of the Right View, and Right Thought factors) (Chanchamnong, 2003). One of the most complex values in Thai culture is â€Å"The concept of Kreng Jai†. It is very difficult for foreigners to understand. This concept is the concept of being â€Å"considerate†. Komin asserts that this concept underlies a significant portion of everyday interpersonal behavioral patterns of the Thais (Komin, 1990). She further explained that: Its closest meaning is to be considerate, to feel reluctant to impose upon another person, to take another persons feelings (and ego) into account, or to take every measure not to cause discomfort or inconvenience for another person. Kreng jai refers to such attitude predisposing to ones resulting behavior towards someone else. Kreng jai behavior is to be observed by all, superiors, equals, and inferiors, including intimate relationships like husband-wife, and close friends, with differences in degree. (pp. 161-162) In general, Thai people helps others people without expecting any return or any compensation. At the same time the person who receives help will feel indebted to the helper and he will remember that and try to repay or return the favor at a later date. This is one of culture factor called â€Å"The concept of helping each other† (Joungtrakul, 2008). One of the most important in Thai society is the concept of ‘Bunkhun’. Thai people deeply and will be quite difficult to change. There are limitations in applying this concept as it may go beyond proper practice. However, to ignore or to delete it from a model would be difficult and may cause some problems in practice. Its removal could do more harm than good. There is no doubt Buddhism has a conscious significant role in the everyday Thai life. With regard to religious activities, likewise, the Thai are constantly engaged in merit-makings, and numerous other religious ceremonies. These activities are religious rituals. And as a Buddhist country, there are such activities to perform all year round, at home, at work, and in the community. Komin (1990) described that Thai people are sympathetic to others and it becomes the nature of the Thais in general. The application of this concept will create cooperative attitudes and collective efforts by the two parties to achieve common goals. Thai people also practice this concept in their daily lives and the phase of ‘meet half way’ is understandable by the Thais. This concept calls â€Å"The concept of compromising†. As the Thai culture is a â€Å"Thai-Buddhism culture† (Dhiravegin, 1998, p.l3), the middle path is a way of life for a Thai. Thais are compromising in nature and try to avoid any explicit confrontation. Thais follow the Buddhist principles of helping all people. This is usually done by joining in constructively creating social harmony and unity according to the four principles of helpful integration (Sangaha-Vatthu), which are: (1) Dana: giving, sharing (helping through money material goods); (2) Piyavaca: amicable speech (helping through words); (3) Atthacariy: helpful action (helping through physical effort); (4) Samarattata: participation (helping through problem solving) (Payutto, 2000 p.7). Buddhism Role’s and Cultural Intelligence in Thai Society According to three characteristic of Thomas and Inkson concept, there are integrity, openness, and hardiness which can support acquisition of a cultural intelligence. They explain that ‘Integrity’ is having a well-developed sense of self and understanding how one’s own belief system motivates behavior. ‘Openness’ is showing deferential respect and a willingness to learn from others. ‘Hardiness’ is robustness, courage, intrepidness, and capability of surviving unfavorable conditions. In the view point of the author, these three characteristic of develop cultural intelligence relate to some part of Buddha’s core teaching that show in Table 2. Characteristics to improve cultural intelligence relate to Buddha’s core teachings Characteristics Buddha’s core teachings Integrity Chanda: the will or aspiration. This is compatible with the faith that leads to achieving wisdom (Chanchamnong, 2003, Payutto, 2003). Openness Citta: Thoughtfulness, i.e. making a conscious effort to think analytically in order to achieve the right views (Chanchamnong, 2003, Payutto, 2003). Hardiness Viriya: the effort, the energy which one exerts in the right way to accomplish the right view (Chanchamnong, 2003, Payutto, 2003). According to Table 2 shown the relationship between the three characteristics to improve cultural intelligence relate to Buddha’s core teachings is very closely. For the stages of cultural intelligence development, from literature review and compare between cultural intelligence concept of Thomas and Inkson (2004) with Buddhist principle concept especially as shown Table 2. The author beliefs that in Thai society, Thai people will be getting into develop stage of cultural intelligence with not too different. In fact the Buddha core teaching trains the people go to be the good person like other religion, help each other’s sympathy and support the society. Indeed, the Buddha core teaching focus in human resource development specially begins from self development, physical and mentor. That is mean the people who develop their own self will gain more cultural intelligence. Conclusion Cultural intelligence is important for individuals who interact with people from different countries, religious background – those with different cultural backgrounds. Cultural intelligence is a person’s aptitude to task successfully with people from different culture background and understanding. According to three characteristic of Thomas and Inkson concept, there are integrity, openness, and hardiness which can support acquisition of a cultural intelligence. They explain that ‘Integrity’ is having a well-developed sense of self and understanding how one’s own belief system motivates behavior. ‘Openness’ is showing deferential respect and a willingness to learn from others. ‘Hardiness’ is robustness, courage, intrepidness, and capability of surviving unfavorable conditions. Three characteristic of develop cultural intelligence have relate to Buddhist core teaching. Indeed, the Buddha taught many things, but the basic concepts in Buddhism explains a purpose to life, it explains apparent injustice and inequality around the world and it provides a code of practice or way of life that leads to right happiness. Buddhism in Thailand is strongly influenced by traditional beliefs regarding ancestral and natural spirits. Therefore, Buddha ways can help Thai people to develop a repertoire of behavioral skills appropriate to different intercultural situations and will be able to choose the right ones for a given interaction. The Thai word say â€Å"Khao mueng tar-lew, tong lew-tar tarm†, the meaning in English is â€Å"When in Rome, do as the Romans do† as a great cultural intelligence. References Chadchaidee T. (2005). Essay on Thailand. (17th enlarged edit.). Bangkok: Thanapol Vitayakarn. Chanchamnong S. (2003). The Buddha’s core teachings. Bangkok: Saisungsukaphapjai. Dhiravegin, L. (1998). Evolution of Thai political and dministration (in Thai) (6th ed.). Bangkok: Thammasat University Press. Earley, P. C, Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: An analysis of individual interactions across cultures. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Earley, P. C, (2002). Redefining interactions across cultures and organizations: Moving forward with cultural intelligence. Research in Organizational Behavior 24, 271-299. Earley, P. C. Mosakowski, E. (2004). Cultural intelligence. Harvard Business Review (10), 139-146. Earley, P. C., Ang, S., Tan, J. S. (2006). CQ: Developing cultural intelligence at work. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Earley, P.C. and Peterson, R.S. (2004). The elusive cultural chameleon: Cultural intelligence as a new approach to intercultural training for the global manager. Academy of Management Learning and Education 3(1), 100-15. Griffer M.R. Perlis M.P. (2007). Developing cultural intelligence in preservice speech-language pathologists and educators. Communication Disorders jhQuarterly, 29(1), 28-35. Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind: Intercultural cooperation and its Importance for survival, Cambridge, England: McGraw-Hill. Johansen B. P. McLean G. N. (2006). Worldviews of adult learning in the workplace: A core concept in human resource development advances in developing human resources, Advances in Developing Human Resources 8(3), 321-328. Abstract retrieved July 8, 2009, from http://adh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/3/321. Joungtrakul, J. (2008). The Stride: A concerted industrial action in Thailand. Bangkok: Business Law Center. Knierim T. (2007). The Noble Eightfold Path. [Online] Available from http://www.thebigview.com/buddhism/eightfoldpath.html. [2009, July 25] Komin S. (1990). The Psychology of the Thai people Values and Behavioral Patterns. Bangkok: National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), Research Center. Payutto , P.A. (2000). A Constition for Living (6th ed.). Bangkok: Saha Dhammikkha Press. Payutto, P.A. (2003). The Pali Cannon: What a Buddhist Must Know. Bangkok: S. R. Printing Mass Products. Perlis, S.M. (2001). Sexual orientation and multiperspective identity on a small, Catholic campus: An analysis of the cultural climate and multicultural organizational change. Doctor dissertation, Temple University, Philadelphia. The Royal Thai Embassy (2007). About Thailand: An overview of Thailand. [Online] Available from http://thaiembdc.org/aboutthai/overview.htm. [2009, July 1] Thomas, D. C., Inkson, K. (2004). Cultural intelligence: People skills for global business. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Thomas, D.C. (2006). Domain and development of cultural intelligence: The importance of mindfulness, Group and Organization Management 31(1), 78-79. United Nations Development Program: Thailand Human Development Report 2007; Sufficiency Economy and Human Development. [Online] Avaliable from: Retrieved http://www.undp.or.th. [2009, July 18] Wannapok S. (1988). The Buddha’s words in the Dhammapada (6th end). Bangkok: Chormafai Press.

Richard Wright and Black Boy :: Black Boy

Richard Wright and Black Boy One main point of the United States Constitution was missing from the Jim Crow South: equality. The Constitution clearly states that "all men are created equal," but in the Jim Crow era blacks were continuously persecuted for something that would be acceptable in today's society. In the early 20th century the South was a place of racial prejudice, discrimination, and hate; blacks could be punished for simply looking at a white person in the wrong manner. Punishments included arrest, beating, even lychings were a common part of the age. This is how life was while Richard Wright was growing up; but in his autobiography Black Boy we learn that despite his being a black boy in the Jim Crow South, born on a Mississippi plantation, he is eventually able to achieve success. Although independence was a crucial factor that enabled Richard Wright to succeed, his rebelliousness, intelligence, and perseverance were also important contributing factors. Richard Wright was an independent person by nature. Throughout the book Richard never seemed to have an extreme emotional attachment to anyone. It was as if he did not need or want anyone's assistance or approval, except his own. Ever since Richard was very young he was forced to be independent. When he mother had her stroke, Richard was forced to take charge and become the person of the house and he would accept no one's help. "Though I was a child, I could no longer feel as a child, could no longer react as a child...When the neighbor's offered me food, I refused, already ashamed that so often in my life I had to be fed by strangers."(pg.97) While Richard was living at his Granny's his independence really started to show through. All Richard ever thought about was leaving to go to the North; especially after being ridiculed for writing his story, The Voodoo of Hell's Half-Acre. No one supported him. He wanted to be able to do what he wanted to, by himself. "I drea! med of going north and writing books and novels."(pg.186) Once Richard was on his own he felt free of the burden, of other people's opinions that had tied him down his entire life. Along with independence, his rebelliousness was another beginning point of Wright's drive to make it in a white man's world. The very first sign we see of the rebel in Wright is when he is only four years old. Richard and his brother are playing with a stray cat one day when his Richard Wright and Black Boy :: Black Boy Richard Wright and Black Boy One main point of the United States Constitution was missing from the Jim Crow South: equality. The Constitution clearly states that "all men are created equal," but in the Jim Crow era blacks were continuously persecuted for something that would be acceptable in today's society. In the early 20th century the South was a place of racial prejudice, discrimination, and hate; blacks could be punished for simply looking at a white person in the wrong manner. Punishments included arrest, beating, even lychings were a common part of the age. This is how life was while Richard Wright was growing up; but in his autobiography Black Boy we learn that despite his being a black boy in the Jim Crow South, born on a Mississippi plantation, he is eventually able to achieve success. Although independence was a crucial factor that enabled Richard Wright to succeed, his rebelliousness, intelligence, and perseverance were also important contributing factors. Richard Wright was an independent person by nature. Throughout the book Richard never seemed to have an extreme emotional attachment to anyone. It was as if he did not need or want anyone's assistance or approval, except his own. Ever since Richard was very young he was forced to be independent. When he mother had her stroke, Richard was forced to take charge and become the person of the house and he would accept no one's help. "Though I was a child, I could no longer feel as a child, could no longer react as a child...When the neighbor's offered me food, I refused, already ashamed that so often in my life I had to be fed by strangers."(pg.97) While Richard was living at his Granny's his independence really started to show through. All Richard ever thought about was leaving to go to the North; especially after being ridiculed for writing his story, The Voodoo of Hell's Half-Acre. No one supported him. He wanted to be able to do what he wanted to, by himself. "I drea! med of going north and writing books and novels."(pg.186) Once Richard was on his own he felt free of the burden, of other people's opinions that had tied him down his entire life. Along with independence, his rebelliousness was another beginning point of Wright's drive to make it in a white man's world. The very first sign we see of the rebel in Wright is when he is only four years old. Richard and his brother are playing with a stray cat one day when his

Article Presentation Mgmt 591

Article Presentation – Leader-follower relationship What is the issue that necessitates that such an article be written? The purpose of this article is to determine who the leader is and who the follower is, how they are connected and what are the differences between them. One of the issues in this article is that the followers are not as well defined in literature as leaders, not much attention is paid to this important group. Another issue of this article is how to develop good relationship between leaders and followers.Simpson and Harris proposed 5 ways in which leader-follower relationship develop. What strategies or techniques are used to address the issue? Once we are fully connected in our leader-follower roles, we have a foundation on which to build. Trust, energy, openness and attitude can emerge from within. We will be mutually empowered to listen to each other and to be aware of proper distance and positioning. Just as dancing is an art, so too is leading and follow ing.We can execute our strategic plan and still miss our objectives if we get disconnected along the way – from ourselves or from our leader. Your conclusion and recommendations. The common theme here for leaders and followers is frequent interaction resulting in a shared understanding and a mutual respect to achieve established goals. Much like any relationship, the leader-follower/follower-leader relationship requires mutual commitment and effort, and the input and ideas of both parties needs to be valued. My recommendation is clearly define which role plays each character-leader and follower.They both are very important in any organization, and they can’t exist without each other, because one comes from another one. Provide a list of discussion questions useful for leading a discussion of the article. * How do you personally define a leader and a follower? How to become a good leader/follower? * In your organization, who is more important –leader or follower? Why? * What are the guidelines that should be at the foundation of a healthy leader/follower relationship? * In your organization or in personal life, do you have followers? Why are they following you?

Conversation In The Odyssey - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1128 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Odyssey Essay Did you like this example? Conversation in the Odyssey Author Background: The name of the author of the article Conversation in the Odyssey is Scott Richardson. Scott Richardson is a professor of classics. He teaches at the College of Saint Benedict and Saint Johns University in Minnesota. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Conversation In The Odyssey" essay for you Create order He has a B.A in Classics from Harvard University, an M.A from Harvard University, and a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature, from Stanford University. Scott Richardsons educational background is a bachelor from Harvard University in 1978, Master of arts from Stanford University in 1980, and a Doctor of Philosophy from Stanford University in 1984. He teaches Latin and Greek and Human Languages and Culture. He is an assistant professor of classics at Saint Johns university and is an associate professor at Saint Johns university. Scott Richardson has interests in writing about the authors Homer, the Greek playwrights, Fyodor Dostoevsky, James Joyce, Dorothy Dunnett, Thomas Pynchon, and the writers of Icelandic sagas. Another work done by Scott Richardson is The Homeric Narrator, a book that he published. He also has written other articles on Homer. He does not have an active twitter or other social media accounts. Scott Richardsons teaching and research interests are Greek and Latin languag e, Greek and Latin literature, European and American literature (especially Scandinavian and British), and narrative theory. Analysis: The thesis statement of the article is the various conversations in the Odyssey. The article is about what is spoken by both parties that is not truly conveyed. The concluding statement that the author makes is that conversation in the Odyssey is a cryptic puzzle, intelligible and rewarding to those who know how to solve it, baffling to those who take it at face value. Summary: One claim that Scott makes is that the bulk of dialogue that is straightforward and honest comes from the mouths of characters who prove in other ways articles: Zeus, Nestor, the servants, and the suitors. The author supports the claim mentioned by stating that Zeus and nestor, the divine and human voices of social and narrative order, stand above the game of saying something in a conversation, and not stating exactly what you mean to say or what you want the person you are having a conversation with understand. Richardson came to that conclusion because a great majority of conversations in the Odyssey feature indirect address, impolication, hidden, or coded meaning, lying, feigned, ignorance, secrecy, concealment of facts, end expressions of disbelief. In Richardsons article, Conversation in the Odyssey, he makes a second claim. The second claim was that Odysseus, a suspicious man, is the champion of all these kinds of indirection and concealment, the consummate manipulator of language to suit his advantage. He backs up his claim by saying that Nausicaa has the Odyssean instinct when she manipulates her father into giving her mules and a wagon, but she fails to see that Alcinous has seen through her request. This claim is important because in conversation, you have to be good at the game you are trying to play, so that when your conversing, you can mean something other than what you are actually saying without anyone figuring it out. A third claim that Scott Richardson makes in his article is that Penelopes indirect address to the man claiming to be her husband by way of an apparently direct statement to her son and the implication in her bed trick that she has been a faithful wife represent the two most prevalent forms of indirect communication in the Odyssey. Scott Richardson backs up his claim by saying that Penelopes entry in Book 1 marks the first instance of indirect address, which will become almost the norm in conversation with more than two people present . When Penelope berates that bard Phemius for his song about misadventure on the return from Troy, her real targets are the hateful suitors who relish the topic. This claim is important because in conversation, directly telling the other person what you mean is a better way to approach a conversation. A fourth and final claim that Scott Richardson makes is that when the point of ones word is to manipulate the situation to suit ones interests rather than to reveal and communicate, conversation is game and performance. The game of language in the Odyssey can be playful, but the perplex use of speech reflects a treacherous and precarious world in which survival and happiness depends on assuming that appearance is deceiving. Richardson backs up his claim by saying that the straightforwardness is masking a reality that must be deciphered. Those who play the game well listen carefully to what is not stated outright and express what they mean by not actually saying what they mean. This claim is important because when conversing, one can use different words to try to manipulate the other person in the conversation, which makes the conversation tricky to comprehend. Evaluation: I believe that the author of Conversation in the Odyssey, Scott Richardson, did a very good job developing their arguments. I also believe that the author is qualified to write on the subject of the Odyssey because he has a B.A in Classics from Harvard University, an M.A from Harvard University, and a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature, from Stanford University. I also believe that he is qualified to write on the subject of the Odyssey because he has interests in writing about the authors Homer, and the Greek playwrights, and has other work done by Scott Richardson is The Homeric Narrator, a book that he published, along with other articles on Homer, the author of the Odyssey. I think that Scott Richardson left out a little bit about the game that was played during conversations that he was trying to describe. I am convinced of their argument by the end of the article. A passage that was referenced in the article is, Then, when the wheeling seasons brought the fourth year on, one of her women, in on the queens secret, told the truth and we caught her in the act-unweaving her gorgeous web. So she finished it off. Against her will. We forcer her. This passage was described in Scott Richardsons article as a secret that Atena told Telemachus. When I read the passage while reading the Odyssey, I interpreted it the same way. Scott Richardson really stuck to his argument, and ended up convincing me about his argument at the end of the article. I think that Scott Richardson supported his claim well, compared his examples to other situations, he gave in depth explanations, he talked about individual characters. Works Cited Richardson, Scott. Conversation in the Odyssey. College Literature, vol. 34, no. 2, 2007, pp. 132149. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25115424. Scott Richardson. I Am Malala Book Review CSB/SJU, www.csbsju.edu/languages-and-cultures/faculty/scott-richardson.